Difference Between Pap Smear and STD Test

Navigating women’s health can be overwhelming. Sometimes it’s difficult to remember which screenings you need and what they’re actually testing for. Pap smears and STD tests are often confused, but they are two very different procedures and will detect entirely different things.

Here’s what you need to know before your next appointment.

What Is a Pap Smear?

A Pap smear test (also known as cervical screening) looks at how healthy your cervix is. Your healthcare provider takes some cells from your cervix and checks them under a microscope. The aim is to find abnormal cells that may become cervical cancer.

The smear test was invented by Dr George Papanicolaou back in the 1940s. Since then it has saved millions of lives. Cancer Research UK says cervical screening stops 75% of cervical cancers from developing.

What Does a Pap Smear Detect?

This screening looks for:

• Abnormal cervical cells (precancerous changes)

• HPV (human papillomavirus) infection in some screening programmes

• Cervical cancer in early stages

The test does not screen for sexually transmitted infections beyond HPV. This is a common misconception that leads to confusion between a Pap smear vs STD test.

Who Needs a Pap Smear and When?

The NHS recommends cervical screening test during pregnancy for:

• Women and people with a cervix aged 25 to 64

• Every three years for those aged 25 to 49

• Every five years for those aged 50 to 64

  
  

What Is an STD Test?

An STD test (sexually transmitted disease test, also called STI screening) checks for infections passed through sexual contact. These tests look for bacteria, viruses, or parasites that cause sexually transmitted infections.

What Does an STD Test Detect?

Common infections screened include:

• Chlamydia

• Gonorrhoea

• Syphilis

• HIV

• Herpes

• Trichomoniasis

• Hepatitis B and C

Different tests exist for different infections. Some require blood samples, others use urine samples, and some need swabs from the genital area, throat, or rectum.

Who Needs STD Testing and When?

The NHS Sexual Health services recommend STD testing if you:

• Are sexually active with new or multiple partners

• Have symptoms like unusual discharge, sores, or pain

• Had unprotected sex

• Are pregnant or planning pregnancy

• Have a partner diagnosed with an STI

Many sexual health clinics, including services available through myGynaePlus, provide confidential STD testing.

Key Differences Between Pap Smear and STD Tests

Understanding the distinction between these screenings helps you take control of your health.

Purpose and Detection

Pap Smear:

• Screens for cervical cancer and precancerous cells

• Detects HPV in some programmes

• Preventive cancer screening

STD Test:

• Screens for sexually transmitted infections

• Detects bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections

• Diagnostic and preventive health measure

  
  

Testing Methods

Pap Smear: The procedure takes about five minutes. You lie on an examination table while your provider inserts a speculum to view your cervix. They use a small brush or spatula to collect cells from the cervical surface. Most people experience mild discomfort but not pain.

STD Test: The method varies by infection:

• Blood tests for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis

• Urine samples for chlamydia and gonorrhoea

• Swabs from the vagina, cervix, throat, or rectum

• Physical examination for visible symptoms

  
  

Frequency of Testing

Pap Smear: Routine screening follows a set schedule based on age (every three to five years for most people).

STD Test: Frequency depends on your sexual activity and risk factors. If you're sexually active with multiple partners, annual testing or more frequent screening may be recommended.

What Results Tell You

Pap Smear Results:

• Normal: No abnormal cells detected

• Abnormal: May require follow-up testing like colposcopy

• HPV positive: May need closer monitoring

STD Test Results:

• Negative: No infection detected

• Positive: Requires treatment, which varies by infection

  
  

Can You Get Both Tests at Once?

Yes, you can ask to have both done at the same appointment. They are two different tests though. Many offices offer women's health appointments where you can talk to your provider about your Pap smear and STD testing needs.

Here's why you should consider getting both: 

STD screening will not show up on your Pap smear, and your STD test will not screen you for cervical cancer. If you have sex, especially if you have new partners, you want the full coverage and assurance that both tests provide.

At myGynaePlus we offer combined women's health services where you can speak to a provider about your needs and get any and all tests you may need.

Common Myths About Pap Smears and STD Tests

Myth 1: A Pap Smear Tests for All STDs

This is false. A Pap smear specifically examines cervical cells for abnormalities. While some screening programmes include HPV testing alongside the Pap smear, this doesn't cover other sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or HIV.

Myth 2: You Only Need STD Testing If You Have Symptoms

Many STDs show no symptoms, especially in early stages. Chlamydia, for example, is often called a "silent infection" because most people don't experience symptoms. The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV recommends regular screening for sexually active individuals regardless of symptoms.

Myth 3: If Your Pap Smear Is Normal, You Don't Have STDs

A normal Pap smear result means your cervical cells appear healthy. It says nothing about the presence of other sexually transmitted infections. You need separate STD testing for a complete picture of your sexual health.

Myth 4: You Don't Need a Pap Smear If You're Not Sexually Active

Cervical cancer can develop regardless of sexual history, though HPV (transmitted sexually) causes most cases. Healthcare providers still recommend following screening guidelines even if you've never been sexually active.

Preparing for Your Appointments

Before a Pap Smear:

• Schedule your appointment when you're not menstruating

• Avoid intercourse, douching, or vaginal medicines 24-48 hours before

• Empty your bladder before the exam

• Wear comfortable clothing

Before STD Testing:

• Check if fasting is required (usually not, but confirm)

• For urine tests, avoid urinating one to two hours before

• Be honest with your provider about your sexual history

• Prepare questions about treatment if results are positive

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Why Choose myGynaePlus for Women’s Health Screening?

Choosing the correct provider for your women's health screening is key to ensuring peace of mind, receiving an accurate diagnosis, and having tests carried out early. At myGynaePlus we pride ourselves on providing clinically accurate services which are confidential and centred around you in a relaxed environment.

You can expect knowledgeable consultants who will happily talk you through your procedure, results and what you need to do next. Appointments will not be rushed and you can speak to professionals about any worries you may have. We use the latest diagnostic techniques and evidence based screening programmes to ensure the utmost accuracy.

If you're after more flexible appointment times than your local NHS can offer, then myGynaePlus gynaecology clinic is here to provide you with a trustworthy private care solution. We prioritise confidentiality, professionalism and preventative care so that you can make informed decisions about your future health.

Taking Charge of Your Health

Regular screenings protect your long-term health. Both Pap smears and STD tests play different but equally important roles in preventive care.

Next steps to consider:

1. Check when you're due for cervical screening

2. Assess your STD testing needs based on sexual activity

3. Book appointments for any overdue screenings

4. Keep records of your test results

5. Discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider

Remember, these tests are routine medical procedures. Healthcare professionals perform them daily and maintain strict confidentiality. Your health comes first, and asking questions or requesting both types of screening shows you're taking responsibility for your wellbeing.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a Pap smear detect chlamydia or gonorrhoea?

No, a standard Pap smear does not test for chlamydia or gonorrhoea. These infections require separate testing through urine samples or genital swabs. While abnormal Pap results might suggest infection, specific STD testing is needed for diagnosis. If you're concerned about STDs, request separate testing from your healthcare provider.

How long do Pap smear and STD test results take?

Pap smear results typically arrive within two weeks, though some clinics may take up to six weeks. STD test results vary by infection type. Rapid HIV tests provide results in 20 minutes, while other tests may take three to seven days. Your clinic will inform you when to expect results and how they'll contact you.

Is the Pap smear vs STD test comparison relevant if I'm in a monogamous relationship?

Yes, both tests remain important. Pap smears screen for cervical cancer regardless of relationship status. For STD testing, if both partners were tested before becoming exclusive and remain monogamous, your risk is lower. However, some infections can remain dormant for years, so discussing testing with your healthcare provider is wise.

Do I need both tests if I've had the HPV vaccine?

Yes, you still need regular Pap smears even after HPV vaccination. The vaccine protects against certain high-risk HPV types but not all strains that cause cervical cancer. For STD testing, the HPV vaccine doesn't protect against other sexually transmitted infections, so separate testing is still recommended based on your sexual activity.

Are Pap smears and STD tests covered by the NHS?

The NHS provides free cervical screening for eligible women aged 25 to 64. Free STD testing is available through NHS sexual health clinics for all ages. Private clinics myGynaePlus also offer both services if you prefer private care or need appointments outside NHS schedules.